diff --git a/changes/ticket31314 b/changes/ticket31314
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ce96e96cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/ticket31314
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+  o Minor features (git scripts):
+    - Add a -t <test-branch-prefix> argument to git-merge-forward.sh and
+      git-push-all.sh, which makes these scripts create, merge forward, and
+      push test branches. Closes ticket 31314.
+    - Add a -r <remote-name> argument to git-push-all.sh, so the script can
+      push test branches to a personal remote. Closes ticket 31314.
+    - Add a -u argument to git-merge-forward.sh, so that the script can re-use
+      existing test branches after a merge failure and fix.
+      Closes ticket 31314.
+    - Add a TOR_GIT_PUSH env var, which sets the default git push command and
+      arguments for git-push-all.sh. Closes ticket 31314.
+    - Add a "--" command-line argument, to
+      separate git-push-all.sh script arguments from arguments that are passed
+      through to git push. Closes ticket 31314.
+    - Skip pushing test branches that are the same as a remote
+      maint/release/master branch in git-push-all.sh by default. Add a -s
+      argument, so git-push-all.sh can push all test branches.
+      Closes ticket 31314.
diff --git a/scripts/git/git-merge-forward.sh b/scripts/git/git-merge-forward.sh
index ba29983284..cbd2f3c3bd 100755
--- a/scripts/git/git-merge-forward.sh
+++ b/scripts/git/git-merge-forward.sh
@@ -1,9 +1,23 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-##############################
-# Configuration (change me!) #
-##############################
+# Usage: git-merge-forward.sh -n -t <test-branch-prefix> -u
+#        arguments:
+#          -n: dry run mode
+#          -t: test branch mode: create new branches from the commits checked
+#              out in each maint directory. Call these branches prefix_029,
+#              prefix_035, ... , prefix_master.
+#          -u: in test branch mode, if a prefix_* branch exists, skip creating
+#              that branch. Use after a merge error, to restart the merge
+#              forward at the first unmerged branch.
+#        env vars:
+#          See the Configuration section for env vars and their default values.
 
+#################
+# Configuration #
+#################
+
+# Don't change this configuration - set the env vars in your .profile
+#
 # The general setup that is suggested here is:
 #
 #   GIT_PATH = /home/<user>/git/
@@ -21,27 +35,55 @@ TOR_MASTER_NAME=${TOR_MASTER_NAME:-"tor"}
 # The worktrees location (directory).
 TOR_WKT_NAME=${TOR_WKT_NAME:-"tor-wkt"}
 
-#########################
-# End of configuration. #
-#########################
+##########################
+# Git branches to manage #
+##########################
+
+# The branches and worktrees need to be modified when there is a new branch,
+# and when an old branch is no longer supported.
 
 # Configuration of the branches that needs merging. The values are in order:
-#   (1) Branch name that we merge onto.
-#   (2) Branch name to merge from. In other words, this is merge into (1)
-#   (3) Full path of the git worktree.
+#   (0) current maint/release branch name
+#   (1) previous maint/release name to merge into (0)
+#         (only used in merge forward mode)
+#   (2) Full path of the git worktree
+#   (3) current branch suffix
+#         (maint branches only, only used in test branch mode)
+#   (4) previous test branch suffix to merge into (3)
+#         (maint branches only, only used in test branch mode)
 #
-# As an example:
-#   $ cd <PATH/TO/WORKTREE> (3)
-#   $ git checkout maint-0.3.5 (1)
+# Merge forward example:
+#   $ cd <PATH/TO/WORKTREE> (2)
+#   $ git checkout maint-0.3.5 (0)
 #   $ git pull
-#   $ git merge maint-0.3.4 (2)
+#   $ git merge maint-0.3.4 (1)
+#
+# Test branch example:
+#   $ cd <PATH/TO/WORKTREE> (2)
+#   $ git checkout -b ticket99999_035 (3)
+#   $ git checkout maint-0.3.5 (0)
+#   $ git pull
+#   $ git checkout ticket99999_035
+#   $ git merge maint-0.3.5
+#   $ git merge ticket99999_034 (4)
 #
 # First set of arrays are the maint-* branch and then the release-* branch.
 # New arrays need to be in the WORKTREE= array else they aren't considered.
-MAINT_035=( "maint-0.3.5" "maint-0.2.9" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/maint-0.3.5" )
-MAINT_040=( "maint-0.4.0" "maint-0.3.5" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/maint-0.4.0" )
-MAINT_041=( "maint-0.4.1" "maint-0.4.0" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/maint-0.4.1" )
-MAINT_MASTER=( "master" "maint-0.4.1" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_MASTER_NAME" )
+#
+# Only used in test branch mode
+# There is no previous branch to merge forward, so the second and fifth items
+# must be blank ("")
+MAINT_029_TB=( "maint-0.2.9" "" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/maint-0.2.9" \
+    "_029" "")
+# Used in maint/release merge and test branch modes
+MAINT_035=( "maint-0.3.5" "maint-0.2.9" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/maint-0.3.5" \
+    "_035" "_029")
+MAINT_040=( "maint-0.4.0" "maint-0.3.5" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/maint-0.4.0" \
+    "_040" "_035")
+MAINT_041=( "maint-0.4.1" "maint-0.4.0" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/maint-0.4.1" \
+    "_041" "_040")
+MAINT_MASTER=( "master" "maint-0.4.1" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_MASTER_NAME" \
+    "_master" "_041")
 
 RELEASE_029=( "release-0.2.9" "maint-0.2.9" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/release-0.2.9" )
 RELEASE_035=( "release-0.3.5" "maint-0.3.5" "$GIT_PATH/$TOR_WKT_NAME/release-0.3.5" )
@@ -55,6 +97,7 @@ ORIGIN_PATH="$GIT_PATH/$TOR_MASTER_NAME"
 
 # SC2034 -- shellcheck thinks that these are unused.  We know better.
 ACTUALLY_THESE_ARE_USED=<<EOF
+${MAINT_029_TB[0]}
 ${MAINT_035[0]}
 ${MAINT_040[0]}
 ${MAINT_041[0]}
@@ -65,32 +108,89 @@ ${RELEASE_040[0]}
 ${RELEASE_041[0]}
 EOF
 
-##########################
-# Git Worktree to manage #
-##########################
-
-# List of all worktrees to work on. All defined above. Ordering is important.
-# Always the maint-* branch BEFORE then the release-*.
-WORKTREE=(
-  RELEASE_029[@]
-
-  MAINT_035[@]
-  RELEASE_035[@]
-
-  MAINT_040[@]
-  RELEASE_040[@]
-
-  MAINT_041[@]
-  RELEASE_041[@]
-
-  MAINT_MASTER[@]
-)
-COUNT=${#WORKTREE[@]}
+#######################
+# Argument processing #
+#######################
 
 # Controlled by the -n option. The dry run option will just output the command
 # that would have been executed for each worktree.
 DRY_RUN=0
 
+# Controlled by the -t <test-branch-prefix> option. The test branch base
+# name option makes git-merge-forward.sh create new test branches:
+# <tbbn>_029, <tbbn>_035, ... , <tbbn>_master, and merge forward.
+TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX=
+
+# Controlled by the -u option. The use existing option checks for existing
+# branches with the <test-branch-prefix>, and checks them out, rather than
+# creating a new branch.
+USE_EXISTING=0
+
+while getopts "nt:u" opt; do
+  case "$opt" in
+    n) DRY_RUN=1
+       echo "    *** DRY RUN MODE ***"
+       ;;
+    t) TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX="$OPTARG"
+       echo "    *** CREATING TEST BRANCHES: ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_nnn ***"
+       ;;
+    u) USE_EXISTING=1
+       echo "    *** USE EXISTING TEST BRANCHES MODE ***"
+       ;;
+    *)
+       exit 1
+       ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+###########################
+# Git worktrees to manage #
+###########################
+
+if [ -z "$TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX" ]; then
+
+  # maint/release merge mode
+  #
+  # List of all worktrees to work on. All defined above. Ordering is important.
+  # Always the maint-* branch BEFORE then the release-*.
+  WORKTREE=(
+    RELEASE_029[@]
+
+    MAINT_035[@]
+    RELEASE_035[@]
+
+    MAINT_040[@]
+    RELEASE_040[@]
+
+    MAINT_041[@]
+    RELEASE_041[@]
+
+    MAINT_MASTER[@]
+  )
+
+else
+
+  # Test branch mode: merge to maint only, and create a new branch for 0.2.9
+  WORKTREE=(
+    MAINT_029_TB[@]
+
+    MAINT_035[@]
+
+    MAINT_040[@]
+
+    MAINT_041[@]
+
+    MAINT_MASTER[@]
+  )
+
+fi
+
+COUNT=${#WORKTREE[@]}
+
+#############
+# Constants #
+#############
+
 # Control characters
 CNRM=$'\x1b[0;0m'   # Clear color
 
@@ -127,7 +227,7 @@ function validate_ret
 # Switch to the given branch name.
 function switch_branch
 {
-  local cmd="git checkout $1"
+  local cmd="git checkout '$1'"
   printf "  %s Switching branch to %s..." "$MARKER" "$1"
   if [ $DRY_RUN -eq 0 ]; then
     msg=$( eval "$cmd" 2>&1 )
@@ -137,6 +237,45 @@ function switch_branch
   fi
 }
 
+# Checkout a new branch with the given branch name.
+function new_branch
+{
+  local cmd="git checkout -b '$1'"
+  printf "  %s Creating new branch %s..." "$MARKER" "$1"
+  if [ $DRY_RUN -eq 0 ]; then
+    msg=$( eval "$cmd" 2>&1 )
+    validate_ret $? "$msg"
+  else
+    printf "\\n      %s\\n" "${IWTH}$cmd${CNRM}"
+  fi
+}
+
+# Switch to an existing branch, or checkout a new branch with the given
+# branch name.
+function switch_or_new_branch
+{
+  local cmd="git rev-parse --verify '$1'"
+  if [ $DRY_RUN -eq 0 ]; then
+    # Call switch_branch if there is a branch, or new_branch if there is not
+    msg=$( eval "$cmd" 2>&1 )
+    RET=$?
+    if [ $RET -eq 0 ]; then
+      # Branch: (commit id)
+      switch_branch "$1"
+    elif [ $RET -eq 128 ]; then
+      # Not a branch: "fatal: Needed a single revision"
+      new_branch "$1"
+    else
+      # Unexpected return value
+      validate_ret $RET "$msg"
+    fi
+  else
+    printf "\\n      %s\\n" "${IWTH}$cmd${CNRM}, then depending on the result:"
+    switch_branch "$1"
+    new_branch "$1"
+  fi
+}
+
 # Pull the given branch name.
 function pull_branch
 {
@@ -150,10 +289,10 @@ function pull_branch
   fi
 }
 
-# Merge the given branch name ($2) into the current branch ($1).
+# Merge the given branch name ($1) into the current branch ($2).
 function merge_branch
 {
-  local cmd="git merge --no-edit $1"
+  local cmd="git merge --no-edit '$1'"
   printf "  %s Merging branch %s into %s..." "$MARKER" "$1" "$2"
   if [ $DRY_RUN -eq 0 ]; then
     msg=$( eval "$cmd" 2>&1 )
@@ -166,7 +305,7 @@ function merge_branch
 # Pull the given branch name.
 function merge_branch_origin
 {
-  local cmd="git merge --ff-only origin/$1"
+  local cmd="git merge --ff-only 'origin/$1'"
   printf "  %s Merging branch origin/%s..." "$MARKER" "$1"
   if [ $DRY_RUN -eq 0 ]; then
     msg=$( eval "$cmd" 2>&1 )
@@ -203,16 +342,6 @@ function fetch_origin
 # Entry point #
 ###############
 
-while getopts "n" opt; do
-  case "$opt" in
-    n) DRY_RUN=1
-       echo "    *** DRY DRUN MODE ***"
-       ;;
-    *)
-       ;;
-  esac
-done
-
 # First, fetch the origin.
 goto_repo "$ORIGIN_PATH"
 fetch_origin
@@ -222,15 +351,57 @@ for ((i=0; i<COUNT; i++)); do
   current=${!WORKTREE[$i]:0:1}
   previous=${!WORKTREE[$i]:1:1}
   repo_path=${!WORKTREE[$i]:2:1}
+  # default to merge forward mode
+  test_current=
+  test_previous=
+  target_current="$current"
+  target_previous="$previous"
+  if [ "$TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX" ]; then
+    test_current_suffix=${!WORKTREE[$i]:3:1}
+    test_current=${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}${test_current_suffix}
+    # the current test branch, if present, or maint/release branch, if not
+    target_current="$test_current"
+    test_previous_suffix=${!WORKTREE[$i]:4:1}
+    if [ "$test_previous_suffix" ]; then
+      test_previous=${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}${test_previous_suffix}
+      # the previous test branch, if present, or maint/release branch, if not
+      target_previous="$test_previous"
+    fi
+  fi
 
-  printf "%s Handling branch \\n" "$MARKER" "${BYEL}$current${CNRM}"
+  printf "%s Handling branch \\n" "$MARKER" "${BYEL}$target_current${CNRM}"
 
   # Go into the worktree to start merging.
   goto_repo "$repo_path"
-  # Checkout the current branch
+  if [ "$test_current" ]; then
+    if [ $USE_EXISTING -eq 0 ]; then
+      # Create a test branch from the currently checked-out branch/commit
+      # Fail if it already exists
+      new_branch "$test_current"
+    else
+      # Switch if it exists, or create if it does not
+      switch_or_new_branch "$test_current"
+    fi
+  fi
+  # Checkout the current maint/release branch
   switch_branch "$current"
-  # Update the current branch with an origin merge to get the latest.
+  # Update the current maint/release branch with an origin merge to get the
+  # latest updates
   merge_branch_origin "$current"
-  # Merge the previous branch. Ex: merge maint-0.2.5 into maint-0.2.9.
-  merge_branch "$previous" "$current"
+  if [ "$test_current" ]; then
+    # Checkout the test branch
+    switch_branch "$test_current"
+    # Merge the updated maint branch into the test branch
+    merge_branch "$current" "$test_current"
+  fi
+  # Merge the previous branch into the target branch
+  # Merge Forward Example:
+  #   merge maint-0.2.9 into maint-0.3.5.
+  # Test Branch Example:
+  #   merge bug99999_029 into bug99999_035.
+  # Skip the merge if the previous branch does not exist
+  # (there's nothing to merge forward into the oldest test branch)
+  if [ "$target_previous" ]; then
+    merge_branch "$target_previous" "$target_current"
+  fi
 done
diff --git a/scripts/git/git-push-all.sh b/scripts/git/git-push-all.sh
index 469d6fe570..8e49e81b9d 100755
--- a/scripts/git/git-push-all.sh
+++ b/scripts/git/git-push-all.sh
@@ -1,19 +1,133 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-# Usage: git-push-all.sh
-#        env vars: TOR_UPSTREAM_REMOTE_NAME=upstream TOR_PUSH_DELAY=0
-#        options: --no-atomic --dry-run (any other git push option)
-#
-# TOR_PUSH_DELAY pushes the master and maint branches separately, so that CI
-# runs in a sensible order.
-# push --atomic is the default when TOR_PUSH_DELAY=0, and for release branches.
+# Usage: git-push-all.sh -t <test-branch-prefix> -r <remote-name> -s
+#                        -- <git-opts>
+#        arguments:
+#          -t: test branch mode: Push test branches, rather than maint and
+#              release branches. Pushes the branches called prefix_029,
+#              prefix_035, ... , prefix_master.
+#          -r: push to remote-name, rather than $TOR_UPSTREAM_REMOTE_NAME.
+#          -s: push branches whose tips match upstream maint, release, or
+#              master branches. The default is to skip these branches. Use
+#              -s when testing for CI environment failures with old code.
+#          --: pass any other arguments to git, rather than the script.
+#        env vars:
+#          TOR_GIT_PUSH: the git push command and arguments
+#          TOR_UPSTREAM_REMOTE_NAME: the default upstream, overridden by -r
+#          TOR_PUSH_DELAY: pushes the master and maint branches separately,
+#                          so that CI runs in a sensible order.
+#          TOR_PUSH_SAME: push branches whose tips match upstream maint,
+#                         release, or master branches. Inverted by -s.
+#          See the Configuration section for env var default values.
+#        git-opts:
+#          --no-atomic --dry-run (and any other git push option)
 
 set -e
 
+#################
+# Configuration #
+#################
+
+# Don't change this configuration - set the env vars in your .profile
+#
+# git push command and default arguments
+GIT_PUSH=${TOR_GIT_PUSH:-"git push --atomic"}
 # The upstream remote which git.torproject.org/tor.git points to.
-UPSTREAM_REMOTE=${TOR_UPSTREAM_REMOTE_NAME:-"upstream"}
+DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE=${TOR_UPSTREAM_REMOTE_NAME:-"upstream"}
+# Push to a different upstream remote using -r <remote-name>
+UPSTREAM_REMOTE=${DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE}
 # Add a delay between pushes, so CI runs on the most important branches first
 PUSH_DELAY=${TOR_PUSH_DELAY:-0}
+# Push (1) or skip (0) test branches that are the same as an upstream
+# maint/master branch. Push if you are testing that the CI environment still
+# works on old code, skip if you are testing new code in the branch.
+# Default: skip unchanged branches.
+# Inverted by the -s option.
+PUSH_SAME=${TOR_PUSH_SAME:-0}
+
+#######################
+# Argument processing #
+#######################
+
+# Controlled by the -t <test-branch-prefix> option. The test branch base
+# name option makes git-merge-forward.sh create new test branches:
+# <tbbn>_029, <tbbn>_035, ... , <tbbn>_master, and merge forward.
+TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX=
+
+while getopts ":r:st:" opt; do
+  case "$opt" in
+    r) UPSTREAM_REMOTE="$OPTARG"
+       echo "    *** PUSHING TO REMOTE: ${UPSTREAM_REMOTE} ***"
+       shift
+       shift
+       OPTIND=$((OPTIND - 2))
+       ;;
+    s) PUSH_SAME=$((! PUSH_SAME))
+       if [ "$PUSH_SAME" -eq 0 ]; then
+         echo "    *** SKIPPING UNCHANGED TEST BRANCHES ***"
+       else
+         echo "    *** PUSHING UNCHANGED TEST BRANCHES ***"
+       fi
+       shift
+       OPTIND=$((OPTIND - 1))
+       ;;
+    t) TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX="$OPTARG"
+       echo "    *** PUSHING TEST BRANCHES: ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_nnn ***"
+       shift
+       shift
+       OPTIND=$((OPTIND - 2))
+       ;;
+    *)
+       # Assume we're done with script arguments,
+       # and git push will handle the option
+       break
+       ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+# getopts doesn't allow "-" as an option character,
+# so we have to handle -- manually
+if [ "$1" = "--" ]; then
+  shift
+fi
+
+echo "Calling $GIT_PUSH" "$@" "<branches>"
+
+if [ "$TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX" ]; then
+  if [ "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" = "${TOR_UPSTREAM_REMOTE_NAME:-upstream}" ]; then
+    echo "Pushing test branches ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_nnn to " \
+      "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE is not allowed."
+    echo "Usage: $0 -r <remote-name> -t <test-branch-prefix> <git-opts>"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+################################
+# Git upstream remote branches #
+################################
+
+DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_BRANCHES=
+if [ "$DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE" != "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" ]; then
+  DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_BRANCHES=$(echo \
+    "$DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/master \
+    "$DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.4.1 \
+    "$DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.4.0 \
+    "$DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.3.5 \
+    "$DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.2.9 \
+    )
+fi
+
+UPSTREAM_BRANCHES=$(echo \
+  "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/master \
+  "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.4.1 \
+  "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.4.0 \
+  "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.3.5 \
+  "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE"/{release,maint}-0.2.9 \
+  )
+
+########################
+# Git branches to push #
+########################
 
 PUSH_BRANCHES=$(echo \
   master \
@@ -23,29 +137,98 @@ PUSH_BRANCHES=$(echo \
   {release,maint}-0.2.9 \
   )
 
+if [ -z "$TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX" ]; then
+
+  # maint/release push mode
+  #
+  # List of branches to push. Ordering is not important.
+  PUSH_BRANCHES=$(echo \
+    master \
+    {release,maint}-0.4.1 \
+    {release,maint}-0.4.0 \
+    {release,maint}-0.3.5 \
+    {release,maint}-0.2.9 \
+    )
+else
+
+  # Test branch mode: merge to maint only, and create a new branch for 0.2.9
+  #
+  # List of branches to push. Ordering is not important.
+  PUSH_BRANCHES=" \
+    ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_master \
+    ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_041 \
+    ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_040 \
+    ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_035 \
+    ${TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX}_029 \
+    "
+fi
+
+###############
+# Entry point #
+###############
+
+# Skip the test branches that are the same as the upstream branches
+if [ "$PUSH_SAME" -eq 0 ] && [ "$TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX" ]; then
+  NEW_PUSH_BRANCHES=
+  for b in $PUSH_BRANCHES; do
+    PUSH_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse "$b")
+    SKIP_UPSTREAM=
+    for u in $DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_BRANCHES $UPSTREAM_BRANCHES; do
+      UPSTREAM_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse "$u")
+      if [ "$PUSH_COMMIT" = "$UPSTREAM_COMMIT" ]; then
+        SKIP_UPSTREAM="$u"
+      fi
+    done
+    if [ "$SKIP_UPSTREAM" ]; then
+      printf "Skipping unchanged: %s remote: %s\n" \
+        "$b" "$SKIP_UPSTREAM"
+    else
+      if [ "$NEW_PUSH_BRANCHES" ]; then
+        NEW_PUSH_BRANCHES="${NEW_PUSH_BRANCHES} ${b}"
+      else
+        NEW_PUSH_BRANCHES="${b}"
+      fi
+    fi
+  done
+  PUSH_BRANCHES=${NEW_PUSH_BRANCHES}
+fi
+
 if [ "$PUSH_DELAY" -le 0 ]; then
   echo "Pushing $PUSH_BRANCHES"
   # We know that there are no spaces in any branch within $PUSH_BRANCHES, so
   # it is safe to use it unquoted.  (This also applies to the other shellcheck
   # exceptions below.)
   #
+  # Push all the branches at the same time
   # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-  git push --atomic "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" $PUSH_BRANCHES
+  $GIT_PUSH "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" $PUSH_BRANCHES
 else
+  # Push the branches in optimal CI order, with a delay between each push
   PUSH_BRANCHES=$(echo "$PUSH_BRANCHES" | tr " " "\n" | sort -V)
   MASTER_BRANCH=$(echo "$PUSH_BRANCHES" | tr " " "\n" | grep master)
-  MAINT_BRANCHES=$(echo "$PUSH_BRANCHES" | tr " " "\n" | grep maint)
-  RELEASE_BRANCHES=$(echo "$PUSH_BRANCHES" | tr " " "\n" | grep release | \
-    tr "\n" " ")
-  printf "Pushing with %ss delays, so CI runs in this order:\n%s\n%s\n%s\n" \
-    "$PUSH_DELAY" "$MASTER_BRANCH" "$MAINT_BRANCHES" "$RELEASE_BRANCHES"
-  git push "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" "$MASTER_BRANCH"
+  if [ -z "$TEST_BRANCH_PREFIX" ]; then
+    MAINT_BRANCHES=$(echo "$PUSH_BRANCHES" | tr " " "\n" | grep maint)
+    RELEASE_BRANCHES=$(echo "$PUSH_BRANCHES" | tr " " "\n" | grep release | \
+      tr "\n" " ")
+    printf "Pushing with %ss delays, so CI runs in this order:\n%s\n%s\n%s\n" \
+      "$PUSH_DELAY" "$MASTER_BRANCH" "$MAINT_BRANCHES" "$RELEASE_BRANCHES"
+  else
+    # Actually test branches based on maint branches
+    MAINT_BRANCHES=$(echo "$PUSH_BRANCHES" | tr " " "\n" | grep -v master)
+    printf "Pushing with %ss delays, so CI runs in this order:\n%s\n%s\n" \
+      "$PUSH_DELAY" "$MASTER_BRANCH" "$MAINT_BRANCHES"
+    # No release branches
+    RELEASE_BRANCHES=
+  fi
+  $GIT_PUSH "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" "$MASTER_BRANCH"
   sleep "$PUSH_DELAY"
   # shellcheck disable=SC2086
   for b in $MAINT_BRANCHES; do
-    git push "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" $b
+    $GIT_PUSH "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" "$b"
     sleep "$PUSH_DELAY"
   done
-  # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-  git push --atomic "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" $RELEASE_BRANCHES
+  if [ "$RELEASE_BRANCHES" ]; then
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2086
+    $GIT_PUSH "$@" "$UPSTREAM_REMOTE" $RELEASE_BRANCHES
+  fi
 fi